This allows the thermal energy to be stored as a change of the internal energy of the material in many forms. Due to the rising temperature of the thermal storage medium, the atoms and molecules of its materials vibrate faster and collide with each other to release the thermal energy. Furthermore, materials could be combined to achieve the required thermal properties. Materials that could be utilized are sensible, latent, and thermochemical as a medium of an STES. Solar thermal energy can be stored by changing the internal energy of different materials in different phases. Solar thermal energy could be stored for months and seasons solar thermal systems’ efficiency, sustainability, and productivity can be improved by implementing an STES criteria. Climate change significantly affects cooling and heating loads as well as the annual energy demands of for a building. Nowadays, there is a continuous increase in energy demand globally. The low azimuth angle of the sun in the winter provided heat while the shading of the natural cliff blocked the summers’ high azimuth angle. Native Americans inhabited caves that best utilize solar energy in winter and summer at the Grand Canyon of Arizona. They designed their bathhouses’ openings to acquire solar heating to support their existing bath fire, thus reducing the fuel needed for water heating loads. In ancient Greece and Romans times, architects used solar energy inside their buildings to heat water. Humans have been searching for means to store energy therefore, energy storage is considered an old practice. Depending on the STES medium, surplus thermal energy from the summer can be stored and then used in the winter at various scales ranging from single-family homes, hotels, districts, towns, or regions. Seasonal thermal energy storage (STES) is implemented widely by using different technologies. Solar energy, while clean and renewable, is diurnal and seasonal in nature, hence, the importance of implementing techniques to store this energy for later use when solar radiation is low or entirely unavailable. The fossil energy systems can be replaced by solar energy systems especially for locations with high annual solar radiation, which lead to prevent large greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the negative impact on the environment as well. Introductionīuildings are one of the biggest energy consumers with 32% of the total final energy consumption in the world according to the International Energy Agency. Zarqa is the most efficient and feasible for STES compared to the other two cities. The results showed the coverage rate of the building’s annual heat demand was 56%, 82%, and 84%, and the payback periods were 3.4, 4.4, and 29 years for Potsdam, Zarqa, and Doha, respectively. The chosen building type was a four-story hotel located in three cities each with its unique climate: Potsdam (Germany), Zarqa (Jordan), and Doha (Qatar). To study the feasibility and the feasibility of such STES system, the design was simulated using the TRNSYS® tool where the STES medium was charged by a solar thermal system.
#Trnsys simulation of pcm install
This study offers an innovative design of an STES system that takes advantage of the backfill space in a building’s underground foundation to install the thermal storage medium on the excavated surface among the support pillars’ base. Solar irradiance is seasonal so this type of system can compensate for the shortage of energy in the winter by storing surplus solar energy in the summer.
An STES system can be charged using solar collectors to heat a storage medium when solar radiation is available. With the scarcity of fuel resources, scientists have become aware of the importance of the utilization of thermal energy.
Seasonal thermal energy storage (STES) can be utilized to cover a portion or meet the whole space and water heat demands in residential and commercial buildings.
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